Modelling low-carbon closed-loop supply chain considering channel power structures and cross-shareholding

Under the background of low-carbon economy, cross-shareholding is introduced into closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) composed a manufacturer and retailer, centralized three decentralized decision-making models with different channel power structures are constructed. The recovery, emission reduction, pricing decisions CLSC studied, two-part-tariff contract proposed to coordinate CLSC. results indicate that under structures, improvement ratio consumers’ awareness beneficial improve recovery rate, carbon reduction increase market demand. Nash Game, profit can reach level which means realize coordination Stackelberg enterprise larger always obtain higher profit. Cross-shareholding cannot retailer-led CLSC, however it partial manufacturer-led Two-part-tariff both situations.